ABSTRACT
Objectives@#：Childhood/adolescent-onset of bipolar disorder presents functional impairments on emotional, academic, and social aspects. These impairments could continue into adulthood. However, there are few studies comparing cognitive function between childhood/adolescent- and adult-onset using psychological test. This study aims to improve understanding of childhood/adolescent-onset of bipolar disorder by comparing differences in cognitive function, clinical and demographic features between the two groups. @*Methods@#：This study was conducted on 145 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I, II, and other specified bipolar disorder by DSM 5 at the time of discharge from 2016 to 2019 at the Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital. Demographic information, clinical data, and results of psychological tests (K-WISC-IV, K-WAIS-IV) were collected and reviewed. @*Results@#：Childhood/adolescent-onset group was significantly low in total potential IQ and in language understanding than adult-onset group (p=0.008 and p=0.013). The childhood/adolescent group had significantly more psychiatric comorbidities than the adult group (p<0.001). The average number of prescribed antipsychotic agents was 1.18 (SD= ±0.64) in the childhood/adolescent group, and 1.78 (SD=±0.82) in the adult group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#：Patients with childhood/adolescent-onset bipolar disorder have lower total potential IQ and language understanding comparing patients with adult-onset bipolar disorder. This highlights the importance of conducting a well-designed prospective study to find out more about the characteristics of childhood/adolescent-onset bipolar disorder.
ABSTRACT
Methods@#Three hundred and sixty-nine students in art high school completed a battery of measures, including the Korean version of the KMPAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Korean version (FMPS-K). The construct validity of the Korean version of KMPAI was examined by performing explorative factor analysis. The reliability was assessed by the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. @*Results@#Explorative factor analysis for the construct validity showed that the Korean version of KMPAI was composed of seven factors (factor 1: Worry/dread and Negative cognitions; factor 2: Proximal somatic anxiety and Worry about performance; factor 3: Depression/hopelessness; factor 4: Parental empathy–Memory–Controllability; factor 5: Generational transmission of anxiety;factor 6: Trust; factor 7: Rumination), explaining 61% of the total variance. The T Concurrent validity with the other scales (STAI, LASA, CES-D, and FMPS-K) was statistically significant. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the internal consistency of the Korean version of KMPAI was excellent (r=0.961). @*Conclusion@#The Korean version of the KMPAI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring music performance anxiety in Korea.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#Bipolar disorder has a high rate of recurrence, which can cause problems such as declines in cognitive and social functions. Lithium is the primary medication for preventing recurrence, but the medication compliance is poor owing to side effects that include diarrhea, tremor, polyuria, polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, increased creatinine level, and weight gain. Polyuria and polydipsia also cause voluntary discontinuation of the medication. However, no domestic and international studies have evaluated the direct correlation between lithium therapy and polydipsia in pediatric patients. Therefore, we assessed this relationship by evaluating urine osmolality changes after lithium administration in pediatric patients. @*Methods@#This study focused on patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital. Patients had bipolar disorder types I or II and other specified bipolar disorders based on the DSM-5, criteria at discharge from December 1, 2018, to April 31, 2020. Urine osmolarity changes from admission to discharge in the patients who used lithium for the first time after admission were reviewed. @*Results@#For 47 patients, the change in osmolality was statistically significant (mean, 203.32±280.68; p<0.001) and significantly higher in those aged <14 years than in those aged ≥14 years (p=0.038). Antipsychotic use and sex-related differences did not affect urine osmolality. @*Conclusion@#The first-time users of lithium had significantly reduced urine osmolality at discharge. Considering the lithium effect on the kidneys, a prospective study to identify the relationship between lithium use and polydipsia is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#Bipolar disorder has a high rate of recurrence, which can cause problems such as declines in cognitive and social functions. Lithium is the primary medication for preventing recurrence, but the medication compliance is poor owing to side effects that include diarrhea, tremor, polyuria, polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, increased creatinine level, and weight gain. Polyuria and polydipsia also cause voluntary discontinuation of the medication. However, no domestic and international studies have evaluated the direct correlation between lithium therapy and polydipsia in pediatric patients. Therefore, we assessed this relationship by evaluating urine osmolality changes after lithium administration in pediatric patients. @*Methods@#This study focused on patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital. Patients had bipolar disorder types I or II and other specified bipolar disorders based on the DSM-5, criteria at discharge from December 1, 2018, to April 31, 2020. Urine osmolarity changes from admission to discharge in the patients who used lithium for the first time after admission were reviewed. @*Results@#For 47 patients, the change in osmolality was statistically significant (mean, 203.32±280.68; p<0.001) and significantly higher in those aged <14 years than in those aged ≥14 years (p=0.038). Antipsychotic use and sex-related differences did not affect urine osmolality. @*Conclusion@#The first-time users of lithium had significantly reduced urine osmolality at discharge. Considering the lithium effect on the kidneys, a prospective study to identify the relationship between lithium use and polydipsia is necessary.